500+ Words Essay on Tripura in English
Tripura is a state in North-East India. It is the third-smallest state in the country. It covers a 10,491 sq km area. It is bordered by Bangladesh to the north, south, and west, and the Indian states of Assam and Mizoram to the east. Five mountain ranges — Boromurah, Atharamura, Longtharai, Sakhan, and Jampui Hills — run north to south with intervening valleys.
As of the 2011 census, the state has a population of 3,671,032, including 30% Scheduled Tribes. The Kokborok-speaking Tripuri people are the major group among 19 tribes and many sub-tribes. The Bengali-speaking people form the ethno-linguistic majority. Since the partition of India, many Hindu Bengalis migrated to Tripura as refugees from East Pakistan, and the number increased during the Bangladesh Liberation War in 1971.
The area of modern Tripura was ruled for several centuries by the Tripuri dynasty. It was a princely state during British rule and joined newly independent India in 1949. The new state of Tripura evolved on 21 January 1972. Agartala is the capital city of Tripura. Only one major road, NH 44, connects Tripura to the rest of India. However, it is connected by air service via Agartala Airport. Rail transport was absent in the state until 2008-09 when a rail connection was established between Agartala and Lumding junction in Assam. A bus service exists between Agartala and Dhaka for those who have visas, though illegal movements are widespread.
The climate here is tropical and receives heavy seasonal rains from the southwest monsoon. Forests cover more than half of the area in which bamboo and cane tracts are common. Due to its geographical disadvantages, the state has limited infrastructure. Economic progress is hindered, and poverty and unemployment continue to be prevalent in the state. Most of the population is involved in agriculture and allied activities. However, only 27% of the land is available for cultivation. Rice is the major crop of the state. Potato, sugarcane, mesta, pulses, and jute are the other major crops. Traditionally, most of the indigenous population practices the jhum method of cultivation. Jackfruit and pineapple top the list of horticultural products. Tripura ranks second only to Kerala in the production of natural rubber. The state is well-known for its handicrafts, particularly hand-woven cotton fabric, woodcraft, and cane and bamboo products. High-quality timber including sal, teak, garjan, and gamar are found abundantly in the forests of Tripura.
The industrial sector of the state continues to be underdeveloped. Brickfields and the tea industry are the only two organized sectors. Tripura has considerable reservoirs of natural gas but has meagre deposits of other types of minerals, such as clay minerals, lignite, and limestone. Tripura has three power-generating stations — two gas-powered and one hydro-power station on the Gumti river. A thermal power plant was inaugurated by ONGC in 2013 and another is under construction.
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The main political parties in Tripura are the Left Front and the Indian National Congress. From 1972 to 1977, the state was governed by the Indian National Congress. The Left Front was in power from 1978 to 1988, and then again from 1993 onwards. As of 2018, the Bharatiya Janata Party is in power in the state of Tripura.
The literacy rate as of 2011 was 87.75%, higher than the national average of 74.04%, and third best among all the states in India. Bengali is the most widely spoken language due to the large number of Bengali people in the state. Kokborok is a prominent language among the tribal people.
The major religion in the state is Hinduism, followed by 85.6% of the population. Next to that, Muslims make up 7.9%, Christians 3.2%, and Buddhists 3.1% of the total population. The Muslim percentage in the state gradually declined from 1971 due to the heavy influx of the Hindu population and the migration of the Muslim population to Bangladesh. Mogs and Chakmas are followers of Buddhism in Tripura. Christianity is chiefly followed by the Lushai, Kuki, and Garo tribes. The main festivals in Tripura are Durga Puja and Kali Puja. The diverse ethno-linguistic groups of Tripura have given rise to a composite culture. Thus, the mainstream Indian cultural elements, especially from Bengali culture, coexist with traditional practices of the ethnic groups, such as typical dances, weddings, and festivals.
The most popular sports in the state are football and cricket. The state participates regularly in the Indian National Games and the North Eastern Games.